Improved solubility and permeability of both nifedipine and ketoconazole based on coamorphous formation with simultaneous dissolution behavior

Coamorphous formation between the hydrophobic drugs nifedipine (NIF) and ketoconazole (KTZ) was investigated with expectation of improving solubility permeability two compounds. NIF KTZ spray-dried particles (SDPs) were prepared in a range NIF/KTZ molar ratios (3/1-1/3). All SDPs an amorphous state single glass transition temperature (Tg). The Tg value (1/1) showed largest positive deviation from theoretical values calculated by Gordon–Taylor equation, resulting having highest physical stability at 40°C 75% relative humidity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra suggested hydrogen bonding NH group tertiary amine KTZ. These findings suggest coamorphous ratio 1/1 through solid state. investigation dissolution profiles that exhibited supersaturation had improved both drugs. simultaneous precipitation KTZ, whereas (2/1) (1/2) different profiles, suggesting can be maintained aqueous solution. Furthermore, permeabilities observed permeation study using Caco-2 cell line. permeated amounts 2.3- 3.6-fold higher than those individual drug crystals, respectively. This revealed has high potential to enhance improve membrane